Yin gyare-gyaren filastik fasaha ce ta injiniya wacce ta ƙunshi matakai daban-daban don canza robobi zuwa samfuran filastik. A lokacin wannan canji, ɗaya ko fiye daga cikin waɗannan sau da yawa suna faruwa: canje-canje a cikin rheology na polymer da kaddarorin jiki da sinadarai.
Matsi Molding
Babban kayan aiki don gyare-gyaren matsawa shine latsawa da mold. Mafi yawan latsawa da ake amfani da shi shine na'ura mai sarrafa kansa{1}, wanda ya kai ton daga dubun zuwa daruruwan ton. Akwai kasa -matsi da matsi na sama{4}}. Mold ɗin da ake amfani da shi don gyare-gyaren matsawa ana kiransa compression mold, wanda ya kasu kashi uku: gyare-gyaren da aka zubar da ruwa, ƙananan - ƙwanƙwasawa, da kuma waɗanda ba{7} Babban abũbuwan amfãni daga matsawa gyare-gyare ne cewa zai iya gyare-gyaren samfur tare da manyan lebur saman kuma zai iya samar da yawa. Rashin amfaninsa shine tsayin daka na samarwa da ƙarancin inganci.
Injection Molding
Lamination molding yawanci yana amfani da lamination press. Wannan nau'in latsa yana da faranti masu zafi masu yawo da yawa tsakanin faranti masu motsi da na tsaye. Abubuwan ƙarfafa da aka saba amfani da su a cikin gyare-gyaren lamination sun haɗa da zanen auduga, zanen gilashi, takarda, da rigar asbestos. Resins sun haɗa da resin phenolic, resin epoxy, resin polyester mara kyau, da wasu resin thermoplastic. Injection blow molding, extrusion blow molding, stretch blow molding, film coating, hot melt coating, fluidized bed spraying, flame spraying, electrostatic spraying, plasma spraying.
Extrusion Molding
Extrusion gyare-gyare, wanda kuma aka sani da extrusion gyare-gyare ko extrusion, hanya ce ta samar da kayan ci gaba ta hanyar mutu a cikin yanayi mai gudana ta hanyar dumama da matsawa su a cikin wani extruder. Ana amfani da extrusion galibi don gyare-gyaren thermoplastics, amma kuma ana iya amfani dashi don wasu robobi na thermosetting. Kayayyakin da aka fitar sune ci gaba da bayanan martaba, irin su bututu, sanduna, filaments, fina-finai, da suturar waya da kebul. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya amfani da shi don haɗakar filastik, filastik granulation, canza launi, da haɗuwa. Na'urar gyare-gyaren extrusion ta ƙunshi kayan aiki na extrusion, tsarin watsawa, da tsarin dumama da sanyaya. Extruders sun zo cikin nau'i biyu: nau'in screw (single screw da multi{5} screw) da nau'in plunger. Na farko shi ne ci gaba da extrusion tsari, yayin da na karshen ne m. Asalin tsarin guda ɗaya{8} screw extruder ya ƙunshi na'urar watsawa, na'urar ciyarwa, ganga, dunƙule, mutun kai, da mutu. Kayayyakin kayan aiki don masu fitar da kaya sun fada cikin manyan nau'ikan guda uku: kayan aikin pretreatment kayan aiki (kamar isar da kaya da bushewa), kayan sarrafa kayan aikin extrudate (siffatawa, sanyaya, jan hankali, yanke, ko mirgina), da kayan sarrafa yanayin yanayin samarwa.
Pultrusion Molding
Pultrusion yana ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin gyare-gyare don gyare-gyaren gyare-gyaren filaye{0}}ƙarfafa robobi. Ana amfani da shi don samar da bayanan martaba tare da kafaffen giciye - sifar sashe da tsayi mara iyaka. Tsarin gyare-gyaren ya haɗa da zana filaye masu ci gaba da ciki tare da resin ta hanyar mutuƙar zafi, sannan a ƙara warkar da guduro a cikin ɗakin dumama don samar da tsayin daka mai tsayi -ƙarfi ci gaba da ƙarfafa bayanin martabar filastik.
Resin da aka saba amfani da shi don gyare-gyaren pultrusion sun haɗa da polyester mara kyau, epoxy, da silicone. Gudun polyester mara saturated shine mafi yawan amfani da shi. Na'ura mai gyare-gyaren pultrusion yawanci ya ƙunshi na'urar tsara fiber, tankin guduro, na'urar da aka riga aka tsara, na'urar mutu da dumama, na'urar jan hankali, da kayan yankan.
